What Is MVC (Model-View-Controller) Architecture?

MVC splits an application into three interconnected parts: the Model (data and business logic), the View (what the user sees), and the Controller (handles input and coordinates between Model and View).

Why it exists

• Mixing data logic, display logic, and input handling in one place makes an application harder to test, reuse, and reason about as it grows
• Separating these concerns lets each part change somewhat independently — a new View can reuse the same Model, for example

How to apply it

• Keep the Model free of any knowledge of how data is displayed — it shouldn't know or care about HTML, for instance
• Keep Controllers thin — they should coordinate between the Model and View, not contain significant business logic themselves

FAQ

Does every modern framework use exact MVC?

Many use closely related variants (like MVVM or a component-based model in React), but the underlying goal — separating data, presentation, and control logic — remains largely the same.